“History doesn’t repeat itself, but it often rhymes.” – Mark Twain Alternative proteins are generally discussed in a single sound bite. People may love them or hate them, eat them or avoid them. The sector is starting to encompass a dizzying array of products and approaches as companies create substitutes for meat, seafood, dairy, eggs, and ingredients using a mix of technologies such as plant-based, fermentation, and cultivated. An estimated 4,000 companies are trying to revolutionize the food industry by using different approaches to innovation which broadly fall into three categories: